Gum Diseases: A Risk Factor for White Matter Damage in the Brain
Gum diseases, or periodontal diseases, are often considered merely oral health problems. However, recent research suggests that their impact may extend far beyond the mouth, affecting brain health, particularly the brain’s white matter. White matter is crucial for communication between different brain regions, and any deterioration can lead to cognitive impairment and progressive decline in brain function.
Periodontal diseases are generally caused by the accumulation of bacteria in the mouth, resulting in chronic inflammation of the gums and surrounding tissues. When this inflammation becomes systemic, it can contribute to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and, according to several studies, structural changes in the brain. Research published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease has shown that individuals with severe periodontitis exhibited more pronounced white matter deterioration, as measured by magnetic resonance imaging.
The likely mechanism involves chronic inflammation and the spread of oral bacteria and toxins into the bloodstream. Once in the blood, these pathogens can reach the brain and cause neuronal damage. White matter, mainly composed of nerve fibers surrounded by myelin, is particularly sensitive to inflammatory processes and oxidative stress, which may explain the observed link between oral health and cognitive decline.
Beyond periodontitis, poor oral hygiene, frequent gum bleeding, and chronic infections can all contribute to an increased risk of white matter degradation. Experts therefore recommend preventive measures: regular dental check-ups, brushing teeth twice daily, using dental floss, and promptly treating gum infections.
Acknowledging this connection between oral health and brain health paves the way for new approaches to preventing cognitive disorders. While research continues to clarify the exact mechanisms, it is already clear that taking care of one’s gums is not only essential for dental health but may also be a critical action for preserving long-term brain function.
