Health

What Causes Heel Pain While Walking?


Heel pain, or “talalgia”, is a common issue that can significantly impact daily life. It often occurs during walking, limiting mobility and causing discomfort. The underlying causes of heel pain range from minor conditions to more complex pathologies. Identifying the source of the pain is essential for effective treatment and prevention.

  1. Plantar Fasciitis: The Most Common Cause

Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that connects the heel to the toes. It typically causes sharp pain at the bottom of the heel, especially upon waking or after periods of inactivity. The pain often decreases with movement but may return after prolonged standing or walking. It is commonly caused by overuse, poor footwear, obesity, or foot arch abnormalities such as flat feet or high arches.

  1. Heel Spur

A heel spur, also known as a calcaneal spur, is a bony outgrowth on the heel bone (calcaneus), usually at the point where the plantar fascia attaches. Though often associated with plantar fasciitis, heel spurs don’t always cause pain. When they do, the discomfort is typically sharp and focused at the bottom of the heel during walking or standing.

  1. Achilles Tendinitis

Achilles tendinitis is the inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. It causes pain at the back of the heel and can radiate up the lower leg. This condition is common in runners, athletes, or individuals who increase their physical activity too quickly.

  1. Heel Bursitis

Heel bursitis is the inflammation of the bursa—a small fluid-filled sac that cushions the heel joint. Repetitive impact, trauma, or wearing stiff shoes can irritate the bursa, leading to pain under or behind the heel. Swelling and tenderness are also possible symptoms.

  1. Nerve Entrapment or Neuropathy

Some heel pain is neurological, caused by the compression of nerves such as the posterior tibial nerve. In these cases, the pain may feel burning, tingling, or radiate through the sole of the foot, especially during movement.

  1. Other Possible Causes

Conditions like arthritis (particularly rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis), stress fractures, or certain infections can also lead to heel pain. In children and adolescents, Sever’s disease (calcaneal apophysitis) is a frequent cause of heel discomfort during growth spurts, especially among active youths.

What to Do If You Experience Heel Pain

Treatment varies depending on the cause. Generally, rest, cold compresses, stretching exercises, proper footwear, and orthotic insoles can provide relief. If the pain persists, a medical evaluation is necessary to determine the exact cause and propose targeted therapy. In rare cases, surgery may be required.

Preventive measures include wearing appropriate shoes, gradually increasing physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and practicing regular stretching. Proper posture and avoiding overuse are also important to prevent recurrence.

Heel pain should never be ignored, especially when it interferes with daily activities. Early intervention ensures faster recovery and prevents long-term complications.

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