Europe Turns to the Far Right: 2024, the Year of Empowerment

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A statement often echoed by history proves itself true once again: Europe, which experienced a surge of far-right movements in the 1920s, is reliving this phenomenon in the 21st century following the collapse of the “protective barrier.”

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In the 1920s, amid the aftermath of World War I and economic crises, far-right parties began their rise in Italy and Germany, with nationalist and xenophobic rhetoric, marking the first wave of such movements.

Today, 2024 signifies the consolidation of the far right in European countries, following notable advancements last year.

From the Netherlands to Germany, passing through Austria and France, far-right parties have made remarkable strides, bringing them closer to power in an unprecedented way since World War II.

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What Does “Far Right” Mean?

The far right is a political term referring to political currents and parties, primarily in Europe, advocating radical nationalism and often opposing Muslims, Jews, and foreigners.

The far-right of the past was more explicit and rigid than today’s parties. This is particularly evident when comparing the discourse of Germany’s Nazi party in the 1920s, which focused on racial purity, with that of today’s far-right parties, which prioritize limiting immigration as a way to reduce the presence of foreigners.

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The far-right ideology is centered on three main ideas:

1. Ethnic glorification of the nation;
2. Opposition to foreign migrants;
3. Anti-establishment populism.

The far right is currently experiencing a second wave of ascension in Europe for numerous reasons, with economic crises, austerity policies, and migration waves being the main drivers.

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Geographic Distribution of Parties

Far-right parties are found across several European countries, including:

• Brothers of Italy (Fratelli d’Italia) in Italy,
• Law and Justice in Poland,
• National Rally in France,
• Alternative for Germany,
• Freedom Party in Austria,
• Fidesz in Hungary,
• Party for Freedom in the Netherlands,
• Vox in Spain,
• Sweden Democrats in Sweden.

Some of these parties are already in power, such as Fidesz in Hungary under Viktor Orbán, or Brothers of Italy under Giorgia Meloni.

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