Cousin Marriage: A Greater Risk to Newborns Than Drugs
Marriages between close relatives, also known as consanguineous marriages, remain common in certain regions of the world, particularly in the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia, and some rural European communities. Historically, this practice has been motivated by cultural, religious, economic, and social reasons: it strengthens family bonds, preserves wealth within the family, and ensures cultural homogeneity. However, contemporary scientific research has revealed that the health risks for children born from such unions far outweigh the perceived benefits, and these risks can even exceed those associated with prenatal exposure to toxic substances such as alcohol or drugs.
Genetic Consequences for Children
Consanguinity increases the likelihood that children will inherit two defective copies of the same gene. This can lead to severe, sometimes fatal, genetic disorders, such as metabolic diseases, congenital heart defects, deafness, and blindness. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), children born to first cousins face twice the risk of infant mortality and genetic diseases compared to children of unrelated parents.
A study published in the Journal of Genetic Counseling found that in regions where consanguinity exceeds 50% of unions, up to 20% of children exhibit genetic disorders requiring medical intervention. These pathologies include rare forms of thalassemia, congenital immune deficiencies, and neurological anomalies leading to cognitive or motor delays.
Comparison with Drug Exposure
When compared with prenatal drug exposure, the danger of consanguinity often appears greater. Exposure to substances such as alcohol or cocaine during pregnancy can cause malformations or brain development disorders, but these effects are often partially preventable through medical intervention. In contrast, consanguinity can result in irreversible genetic anomalies with permanent health consequences.
Cultural and Social Factors
The persistence of cousin marriage is strongly influenced by deeply rooted cultural traditions. In some societies, it is seen as a guarantee of family stability and a form of social protection for women. However, the lack of awareness of genetic risks constitutes a major aggravating factor. Public education and access to preconception genetic counseling are essential to reduce these risks.
Prevention and Awareness
Genetic counseling programs enable prospective consanguineous couples to understand their genetic profile, identify specific risks for their children, and make informed decisions. Prenatal screening, pre-implantation genetic testing, and health education help prevent severe diseases. Some countries have implemented targeted awareness campaigns, including brochures, educational videos, and community and school outreach programs.
Conclusion
While cousin marriage may remain socially accepted in some cultures, it poses a significant risk to children’s health. Scientific evidence shows that the genetic dangers associated with consanguinity can exceed those linked to prenatal exposure to drugs or alcohol. Prevention, education, and genetic counseling represent the most effective tools to protect future generations and ensure a better quality of life for unborn children.
