Funding Networks, Financial Channels, and Government Measures: Texas Confronts the Influence of the Muslim Brotherhood

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Over recent months, the State of Texas has become the focus of a legal and political campaign targeting the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood and broader Islamist networks.

Texas authorities have intensified their efforts by adopting an approach that combines legal designation, judicial action, and tighter oversight of funding sources and organizational activities.

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According to the American news website VOZ, Texas has become one of the principal centers of political Islam in the United States, with approximately 650 Islamic organizations operating throughout the state.

The publication highlights growing concerns among state authorities and various reports regarding Islamist networks that allegedly seek to influence society and public institutions through what is described as an extremist agenda.

VOZ bases its reporting on a study published by the Middle East Forum examining the structure of Islamic networks in Texas, their financial resources, institutions that the report alleges are connected to the Muslim Brotherhood or Hamas, and the measures adopted by Texas authorities to counter this influence.

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A Broad Presence and Significant Financial Resources

According to the Middle East Forum report, Texas has become one of the leading centers of Islamic organizational activity in the United States, hosting hundreds of mosques and nearly 650 nonprofit Islamic organizations.

The report states that 213 Islamic organizations file official tax returns, generate approximately $412 million in annual revenue, hold assets valued at $315 million, pay roughly $50 million in salaries, and spend approximately $200 million on external expenditures.

According to the report, the networks it characterizes as Islamist control nearly two-thirds of the reported assets and more than 80 percent of total revenues.

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The report argues that these figures do not fully reflect the scale of the sector, noting that several institutions benefit from tax-exempt status, some assets are owned by entities located outside Texas, and a rapidly expanding Islamic financial services sector manages hundreds of millions of dollars beyond the nonprofit framework.

The report further claims that more than $14.4 million of nearly $16 million in government grants awarded to Islamic organizations ultimately went to organizations allegedly operating under the influence or control of Islamist networks.

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Networks Under Scrutiny

The Middle East Forum report states that Texas hosts an extensive network representing several ideological movements, including Qutbists, Salafists, Deobandis, Khomeinists, Jamaat-e-Islami, Barelvis, and other groups.

According to the report, some of these institutions maintain ideological, financial, or historical ties to Hamas, the Muslim Brotherhood, or the Iranian government.

VOZ quotes Middle East Forum Executive Director Gregg Roman, who has called for the establishment of a specialized commission on Islamism to investigate the networks identified in the report.

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Roman further recommends that individuals found to be involved should face criminal prosecution or regulatory oversight, that extremist organizations should be prevented from receiving public funding, and that moderate Muslims should be empowered to challenge Islamist movements.

The Holy Land Foundation Case

The report also reviews the case of the Holy Land Foundation, which was headquartered in the suburbs of Dallas.

According to the U.S. government, the organization served as a financial channel for Hamas, and in 2008 its leaders were convicted of providing material support to the organization.

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The report notes that the investigation involved a network of individuals and organizations, many of which were based in North Texas.

It further states that, following domestic and foreign policy changes, including those implemented during the administration of former U.S. President Barack Obama, several investigations and legal proceedings related to that network were discontinued.

Nevertheless, the report argues that a new generation of the same network is currently active within Texas.

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Civil Organizations Alleged to Serve as Fronts for Extremist Networks

Among the organizations cited is Baitulmaal, headquartered in Irving. According to the report, its director, Mazen Mokhtar, previously raised funds for the Taliban and other extremist groups. The report also alleges that the organization cooperates in the Gaza Strip with entities affiliated with Hamas.

The report additionally mentions the American Islamic Association, the Muslim Legal Fund of America, and the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), which it states was established by individuals sympathetic to Hamas.

It also refers to the Islamic Association of North Texas and several educational institutions that it claims have documented links to the same network.

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Distinguishing Islam from Islamism

The report distinguishes Islam, describing it as a religion practiced by more than one billion people representing numerous schools and traditions, from Islamism, which it defines as a political ideology seeking to establish a theocratic state governed by Sharia according to its strictest interpretations.

According to the report, making this distinction is essential because freedom of religion protects the practice of Islam, whereas Islamism constitutes, in its view, a political challenge to democratic and constitutional principles.

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Religious and Educational Institutions

The report states that Texas has become a major center of Salafism in the United States, highlighting numerous Islamic centers and educational institutes throughout the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area.

It also discusses the network of Deobandi institutions, particularly the Qalam Institute, which operates several educational establishments, along with other Islamic schools across the state.

The report further examines additional networks, including Khomeinist centers in Houston, as well as organizations associated with Jamaat-e-Islami, the Barelvi movement, and other ideological trends.

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Measures Adopted by the State of Texas

In response to what Texas authorities describe as the expansion of Islamist networks, the state has implemented a series of measures.

In November 2025, Governor Greg Abbott designated the Muslim Brotherhood and the Council on American-Islamic Relations as foreign terrorist organizations and transnational criminal organizations under legislation enacted in 2023.

The measure prohibits both organizations from owning land within the state and authorizes enhanced regulatory oversight.

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In February 2026, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton filed a lawsuit directly against the Muslim Brotherhood, the Council on American-Islamic Relations, and their affiliated local branches.

In June 2026, the Texas Public Policy Foundation launched the Agenda for Defeating Islamist Extremism, an initiative that includes a statewide sanctions framework, stricter oversight of public funds, and measures intended to protect the education system and constitutional sovereignty from the operation of parallel religious courts.

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